Ethnic nationalism is a political ideology that is centered on a shared heritage, which includes common ancestry, language, history, and culture. It is often associated with the belief that a nation should be composed of individuals who share such commonalities. This ideology is often used to define national identity in terms of ethnic heritage, with the aim of promoting a sense of unity and belonging among members of the nation.
The roots of ethnic nationalism can be traced back to the 19th century, during the period of Romantic nationalism. This was a time when nations began to form around a shared cultural or ethnic identity, rather than simply geographical boundaries or political alliances. The idea was that people who shared a common language, history, and culture had a natural right to self-determination and sovereignty.
In the 20th century, ethnic nationalism became a significant force in world politics. It played a crucial role in the formation of new states following the collapse of empires after World War I and World War II. For instance, the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire led to the creation of several new nations in the Middle East, each with its own distinct ethnic identity.
However, ethnic nationalism has also been associated with negative outcomes, such as ethnic cleansing and genocide. This is because the ideology can be used to justify the exclusion or persecution of those who do not fit the ethnic ideal. For example, the Holocaust during World War II was driven by a form of ethnic nationalism that sought to create a racially pure state.
In recent years, ethnic nationalism has seen a resurgence in various parts of the world. This has been driven by a variety of factors, including economic uncertainty, migration, and fears of cultural dilution. While ethnic nationalism can foster a sense of community and belonging, it can also lead to division and conflict if not managed carefully.
In conclusion, ethnic nationalism is a political ideology that defines national identity in terms of shared heritage. It has played a significant role in the formation of nations and continues to influence global politics today. However, it can also lead to exclusion and conflict, highlighting the need for careful management of ethnic identities within nations.
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